Integrating ambient noise with GIS for a new perspective on volcano imaging and monitoring : The case study of Mt. Etna

We are very grateful to Professor G. Patane for the inspiration and financial support; S. La Delfa for assistance during the analysis. We also thank the Parco dell’Etna Staff who ensure the permission and regular support above the volcano. We would like to thank G. Vaccino and F. Zuccarello for the support during the field trip. Two anonymous reviewers provided comments that improved both the interpretation of the results and the clarity of the analyses. Finally, we are grateful to S. Castellaro, M. Neri, and G. Di Grazia for providing important methodological explanations, the DEM, and data of volcanic tremor during the period.Peer reviewedPostprin

Seguridad en redes de área local inalámbrica, estándar de seguridad IEEE 802.11

La acogida de la nueva tecnología de comunicaciones basada en redes inalámbricas ha proporcionado nuevas expectativas en cuanto al futuro del desarrollo de sistemas de comunicación. Una red de área local inalámbrica (WLAN, wireless local area network), es un sistema de comunicaciones de datos si cables equivalente a las redes de área local cableadas, puede servir como alternativa o parte de estas. Estas redes poseen ciertas ventajas relevantes como son: la flexibilidad, movilidad, mejor escalabilidad, facilidad de instalación y menor costo. Para el funcionamiento de estas redes se utilizan ondas de radio o infrarrojos los cuales so usados para el trasporte de los datos sin necesidad de un medio guiado. Estas redes poseen dos topologías conocidas: topología de infraestructura o también llamada administrada, es aquella que hace parte de una red LAN cableada y la topología en Ad Hoc que es aquella en la cual solo existen dispositivos inalámbricos, es decir, todos los dispositivos se comunican entre si sin necesidad de un controlador central

Chronic Morbilliviral Encephalitis in a Young Striped Dolphin from Italy

A young male striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba) found stranded in November 2009 was affected by a chronic non-suppurative encephalitis, with prominent mononuclear cell perivascular cuffs, neuronal degeneration, microgliosis, neuronophagia and occasional presence of multinucleate syncytia. Immunohistochemical and biomolecular investigations for Morbillivirus were positive exclusively from the brain, but not from the cerebellum nor from any other tissue, with morbilliviral antigen being detected in neurons and astrocytes. A low neutralizing antibody titer (1:10) against Morbillivirus (CDV) was also found, with no simultaneous presence of anti-Brucella antibodies. The main reason why the present case appears to be of interest is provided by its peculiar neuro-histopathologic, immunohistochemical and biomolecular features, with Morbillivirus antigenic and genomic positivity being exclusively confined to the brain of this dolphin, which may have developed a transplacentally-acquired infection

Quali-quantitative evaluation of ileal peyer's patches innervation in scrapie-free or scrapie-affected sarda breed ovines

Although Peyer's patches (PPs) and the enteric nervous system (ENS) play a key role in early sheep scrapie pathogenesis, little is known on the kinetics of ENS plexuses colonization. This study was aimed at quali-quantitatively evaluating ileal PP innervation in 29 Sarda breed ovines (12 scrapie-free, 2 months-old lambs, 4 ARQ/ARQ, 4 ARR/ARQ and 4 ARR/ARR, respectively; 12 scrapie-free, 2-4 years-old sheep, 3 ARQ/ARQ, 7 ARR/ARQ and 2 ARR/ARR, respectively; 5 ARQ/ARQ scrapie-affected sheep)

Cellular Prion Protein Expression in the Brain Tissue from Brucella ceti-Infected Striped Dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba)

Brucella ceti, a zoonotic pathogen of major concern to cetacean health and conservation, is responsible for severe meningo-encephalitic/myelitic lesions in striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba), often leading to their stranding and death. This study investigated, for the first time, the cellular prion protein (PrPc) expression in the brain tissue from B. ceti-infected, neurobrucellosis-affected striped dolphins. Seven B. ceti-infected, neurobrucellosis-affected striped dolphins, found stranded along the Italian coastline (6) and in the Canary Islands (1), were investigated, along with five B. ceti-uninfected striped dolphins from the coast of Italy, carrying no brain lesions, which served as negative controls. Western Blot (WB) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) with an anti-PrP murine monoclonal antibody were carried out on the brain parenchyma of these dolphins. While PrPc IHC yielded inconclusive results, a clear-cut PrPc expression of different intensity was found by means of WB analyses in the brain tissue of all the seven herein investigated, B. ceti-infected and neurobrucellosis-affected cetacean specimens, with two dolphins stranded along the Italian coastline and one dolphin beached in Canary Islands also exhibiting a statistically significant increase in cerebral PrPc expression as compared to the five Brucella spp.-negative control specimens. The significantly increased PrPc expression found in three out of seven B. ceti-infected, neurobrucellosis-affected striped dolphins does not allow us to draw any firm conclusion(s) about the putative role of PrPc as a host cell receptor for B. ceti. Should this be the case, an upregulation of PrPc mRNA in the brain tissue of neurobrucellosis-affected striped dolphins could be hypothesized during the different stages of B. ceti infection, as previously shown in murine bone marrow cells challenged with Escherichia coli. Noteworthy, the inflammatory infiltrates seen in the brain and in the cervico-thoracic spinal cord segments from the herein investigated, B. ceti-infected and neurobrucellosis-affected striped dolphins were densely populated by macrophage/histiocyte cells, often harboring Brucella spp. antigen in their cytoplasm, similarly to what was reported in macrophages from mice experimentally challenged with B. abortus. Notwithstanding the above, much more work is needed in order to properly assess the role of PrPc, if any, as a host cell receptor for B. ceti in striped dolphins

High feasibility and antileukemic efficacy of fludarabine, cytarabine, and idarubicin (FLAI) induction followed by risk-oriented consolidation: A critical review of a 10-year, single-center experience in younger, non M3 AML patients

About 105 consecutive acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients treated with the same induction-consolidation program between 2004 and 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. Median age was 47 years. The first induction course included fludarabine (Flu) and high-dose cytarabine (Ara-C) plus idarubicin (Ida), with or without gemtuzumab-ozogamicin (GO) 3 mg/m2 (FLAI-5). Patients achieving complete remission (CR) received a second course without fludarabine but with higher dose of idarubicin. Patients not achieving CR received an intensified second course. Patients not scheduled for early allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (HSCT) where planned to receive at least two courses of consolidation therapy with Ara-C. Our double induction strategy significantly differs from described fludarabine-containing regimens, as patients achieving CR receive a second course without fludarabine, to avoid excess toxicity, and Ara-C consolidation is administrated at the reduced cumulative dose of 8 g/m2 per cycle. Toxicity is a major concern in fludarabine containing induction, including the recent Medical Research Council AML15 fludarabine, cytarabine, idaraubicin and G-CSF (FLAG-Ida) arm, and, despite higher anti-leukemic efficacy, only a minority of patients is able to complete the full planned program. In this article, we show that our therapeutic program is generally well tolerated, as most patients were able to receive subsequent therapy at full dose and in a timely manner, with a 30-day mortality of 4.8%. The omission of fludarabine in the second course did not reduce efficacy, as a CR rate of 83% was achieved and 3-year disease-free survival and overall survival (OS) were 49.6% and 50.9%, respectively. Our experience shows that FLAI-5/Ara-C + Ida double induction followed by risk-oriented consolidation therapy can result in good overall outcome with acceptable toxicity. Am. J. Hematol. 91:755\u2013762, 2016. \ua9 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc

Pathogenetic investigations on the enteric nervous system plexuses of sarda breed sheep with different PrP genotypes following oral experimental scrapie infection

We investigated the ileal myenteric (MPs) and submucosal plexuses (SMPs) of 32 Sarda breed sheep carrying different PrP genotypes (ARQ/ARQ, ARQ/AHQ, ARQ/ARR, ARR/ARR), which had been orally dosed with scrapie at 8 months of age and euthanized at definite time intervals post-infection (p.i.)

Immunohistochemical investigations on Brucella ceti-infected, neurobrucellosis-affected striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba)

Bacteria of the genus Brucella cause brucellosis, an infectious disease common to humans as well as to terrestrial and aquatic mammals. Since 1994 several cases of Brucella spp. infection have been reported in marine mammals worldwide. Indeed, since human brucellosis ranks as one of the most common bacterial zoonotic infections on a global scale, it is necessary to increase our knowledge about it also in the marine environment. Brucella ceti, which is phenotypically similar to other smooth brucellae as B. abortus and B. melitensis, shares with the latter two the same surface antigens that are routinely used for the serological diagnosis of Brucella spp. infection. Marine mammal Brucella spp. infections are characterized by a pathogenicity similar to their terrestrial counterparts, with the occurrence of abortion, stillbirth and orchitis and an involvement of the host’s central nervous system (CNS), similarly to what happens in mankind. While sero-epidemiological data suggest that Brucella spp. infection is widespread globally, detecting Brucella spp.-associated antigens by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in tissues from infected animals is often troublesome. The present study was aimed at investigating, by means of IHC based upon the utilization of an anti-Brucella LPS monoclonal antibody (MAb), the CNS immunoreactivity (IR) shown by B. ceti-infected, neurobrucellosis-affected striped dolphins

The 10B(p,α)7Be S(E)-factor from 5 keV to 1.5 MeV using the Trojan Horse Method

The 10 B(p, α ) 7 Be reaction is the main responsible for the 10 B destruction in stellar interior [1]. In such environments this p-capture process occurs at a Gamow energy of 10 keV and takes places mainly through a resonant state (Ex = 8.701 MeV) of the compound 11 C nucleus. Thus a resonance right in the region of the Gamow peak is expected to significantly influence the behavior of the astrophysical S(E)-factor. The 10 B(p, α ) 7 Be reaction was studied via the Trojan Horse Method (THM) applied to the 2 H( 10 B, α 7 Be)n in order to extract the astrophysical S(E)-factor in a wide energy range from 5 keV to 1.5 MeV